NAD+ 500mg (Buffered)

What is Buffered NAD⁺?

Buffered NAD⁺ refers to the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺, CAS 53‑84‑9) stabilized in an aqueous buffer—commonly Tris buffer around pH 8.5. This preparation enhances both chemical stability and biological compatibility for in vitro applications.

CAS Number & Chemical Identity

• CAS Number: 53‑84‑9 (chemicalbook.com, en.wikipedia.org)
• Molecular Formula: C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂⁺ (oxidized form); Molecular Weight: ~664.4 g/mol (en.wikipedia.org)

Chemical Structure

NAD⁺ is a dinucleotide comprising:

• A nicotinamide moiety (central redox-active site)
• Two ribose sugars
• A pyrophosphate bridge
• An adenine-containing adenine riboside unit (en.wikipedia.org, chemsrc.com)

Example SMILES notation includes:

 O=C(N)c1ccc[n+](c1)[C@@H]2O… (en.wikipedia.org)

Mechanisms of Action

• Redox Cofactor: NAD⁺ participates in electron transfer by accepting a hydride ion to form NADH, central to glycolysis, the TCA cycle, β‑oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation (en.wikipedia.org).
• Enzymatic Cofactor and Substrate: Serves as a substrate for sirtuins, PARPs, and ADP-ribose cyclases, influencing DNA repair, epigenetic modification, and calcium signaling (chemicalbook.com).
• Signal Modulator: Regulates stress responses, aging-related metabolic pathways, and mitochondrial function via NAD⁺-dependent deacetylation .

Benefits of the Buffered Formulation

• Enhanced Stability: Tris-buffered NAD⁺ exhibits >90% retention after 43 days at room temperature (~25 °C), compared to >75% at elevated temperatures; degradation is significantly higher in phosphate or HEPES buffers (docs.nrel.gov).
• Consistent Redox Potency: Stable NAD⁺ ensures reproducible redox cycling and accurate metabolic assay results.
• Reduced Buffer Artifacts: By maintaining optimal pH and minimizing spontaneous hydrolysis, buffered NAD⁺ supports long-duration enzymatic assays without pH drift.

In Vitro Research Applications

Buffered NAD⁺ is ideal for:

• Metabolic flux analysis: Studying glycolysis, TCA cycle, and mitochondrial respiration.
• Redox enzyme assays: NAD(H) dehydrogenases, oxidases, and reductases.
• Sirtuin & PARP functional assays: Investigating epigenetic regulation and DNA repair activity.
• Cellular health and aging models: Supporting studies linking NAD⁺ availability to cellular senescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) management, and metabolic rejuvenation (researchgate.net, nature.com).
• Nucleotide synthesis studies: NAD⁺ directly regulates PPP and pyrimidine synthesis relevant to DNA replication and cancer biology .

Future Research Directions

• Cofactor regeneration systems: Enabling prolonged NAD(H) cycling in cell-free biocatalysis and synthetic biology.
• NAD⁺ engineering: Developing tethered or immobilized NAD⁺ for enhanced thermal or photostability in multi-enzyme systems (researchgate.net).
• Mitochondrial restoration assays: Using exogenous NAD⁺ to restore respiration in damaged or aged cell models .
• Cancer metabolism: Clarifying NAD⁺-dependent metabolic shifts in proliferative or Warburg-phenotype cells .
• Nicotinamide salvage pathway studies: Detailed examination of NAD⁺ turnover, synthesis, and compartmentalization in cells .

Specifications

Selected References

• NREL study on NAD⁺ stability across buffer systems (chemicalbook.com, chemscene.com, docs.nrel.gov)
• Wikipedia entry describing structure and cofactor functions of NAD⁺ 
• Research on NAD⁺-driven metabolic signaling and aging (nature.com)
• Nature Communications highlighting NAD⁺ effects on respiration and nucleotide synthesis 
• ACS Synthetic Biology study on NAD⁺ immobilization and stability 

Disclaimer

This product is intended for research purposes only. It is not approved for human or veterinary use, nor is it intended for clinical, diagnostic, or therapeutic applications. All research must comply with applicable local laws and institutional guidelines. Misuse of this compound for human consumption is strictly prohibited.